Line Follower Robot without using a micro-controller
This post will guide you to make a basic line follower that requires no micro-controller.
Make sure that you've these things to start with your line follower robot.
1. Chassis
2. IR Sensor module X2
3. L293D motor driver module
4. Caster wheel
5. 2 BO motors - 100 rpm
6. 2 Wheels
7. M-F, F-F, M-M connectors
8. BO motor clamps
9. Screws
10. Battery
Working principle:
Line follower robot usually works with the help of IR sensors (Infrared sensors). These sensors are responsible for tracking down the path for the robot. The main principle behind this is the black body radiation. A black body absorbs the radiation completely. In this case, whenever the infrared light from the infrared sensor is falling on the black line such that there is no radiation that is received at the receiver which is basically an LED. Due to this the infrared receiver sends a signal as 0 which means low. Due to this signal the corresponding side of the motor turns off. So by the above working principle we can conclude that whenever the infrared sensors are on a reflecting surface, such that the radiation is received by the receiver on either sides of the robot and therefore, both the motors turns ON as the motor driver is a getting a signal as 1 which otherwise means HIGH. And whenever the infrared sensors come across a black line, such that no radiation is incident onto the receiver which turns off the motor of the corresponding side. This way a line following robot moves along a line using the principle of black body radiation.
This post will guide you to make a basic line follower that requires no micro-controller.
Make sure that you've these things to start with your line follower robot.
1. Chassis
2. IR Sensor module X2
3. L293D motor driver module
4. Caster wheel
5. 2 BO motors - 100 rpm
6. 2 Wheels
7. M-F, F-F, M-M connectors
8. BO motor clamps
9. Screws
10. Battery
Working principle:
Line follower robot usually works with the help of IR sensors (Infrared sensors). These sensors are responsible for tracking down the path for the robot. The main principle behind this is the black body radiation. A black body absorbs the radiation completely. In this case, whenever the infrared light from the infrared sensor is falling on the black line such that there is no radiation that is received at the receiver which is basically an LED. Due to this the infrared receiver sends a signal as 0 which means low. Due to this signal the corresponding side of the motor turns off. So by the above working principle we can conclude that whenever the infrared sensors are on a reflecting surface, such that the radiation is received by the receiver on either sides of the robot and therefore, both the motors turns ON as the motor driver is a getting a signal as 1 which otherwise means HIGH. And whenever the infrared sensors come across a black line, such that no radiation is incident onto the receiver which turns off the motor of the corresponding side. This way a line following robot moves along a line using the principle of black body radiation.
Construction:
- Take the chassis of the line following robot and attach a caster wheel at the front end of the robot.
- Now attach two infrared sensor modules at either side of the robot as per your convenience.
- Now take two BO motors and at the rear end of the robot, install the two BO motors on both the sides and then fix the clamps to the chassis.
- Fix the wheels to the robot.
Now that you’re done with the completion of the body of the
robot.
- Now take an L293D motor driver module and fix it somewhere on the chassis and then pull out the connections from the BO motors.
Make the circuitry as per the circuit diagram
shown below.
- For this purpose, use M-M, F-M, F-F connector pins as they are very friendly to begin with.
- Now place a battery at the centre of the robot by means of a double tape.
From the infrared sensors to the motor driver
module give connections as shown in the figure below.
This completes the circuitry part as well as the
construction of whole robot.
Making a circuit for the line follower robot to run.
- To do this, take 6 big white charts and stick them to the ground by means of a tape and arrange them in such a way that combination of all the sheets forms a regular rectangle.
- Take a black tape and stick it to the white sheet as shown in the figure. You can design your circuit as per your convenience.
Now place the robot on your circuit and test it.
Precautions:
- While attaching the caster wheel, make sure that it is placed exactly at the center of the robot. Otherwise, there are greater chances of robot becoming unstable during its motion.
- The positioning of infrared sensors should be in such a way that they are equidistant from each other and both are placed at two corners of the robot.
- Fix all the components steadily.Make sure that except at the end of the circuit, nowhere in the circuit the robot comes across a junction.
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